Functions
<?php
function greet(string $name = "Guest"): string {
return "Hello, $name!";
}
echo greet("Asha");
echo greet();- Type declarations (
string,int) make code safer. - Default values make parameters optional.
Arrays
$fruits = ["mango", "banana", "apple"]; // indexed
echo $fruits[0];
$fruits[] = "orange"; // append
echo count($fruits);
$student = [ // associative
"name" => "Asha",
"age" => 20,
"city" => "Karad",
];
echo $student["name"];Looping through arrays
foreach ($student as $key => $value) {
echo "$key: $value<br>";
}Multidimensional arrays
$students = [
["name" => "Asha", "marks" => 88],
["name" => "Ravi", "marks" => 72],
];
foreach ($students as $s) {
echo $s["name"] . " scored " . $s["marks"] . "<br>";
}Useful array functions
$nums = [5, 3, 8, 1];
sort($nums); // 1, 3, 5, 8
echo array_sum($nums); // 17
echo max($nums) . " " . min($nums);
in_array(3, $nums); // true
array_map(fn($n) => $n * 2, $nums); // double each
array_filter($nums, fn($n) => $n > 3);
implode(", ", $nums); // "1, 3, 5, 8"
explode(",", "a,b,c"); // ["a", "b", "c"]Practice
Write a function that takes an array of marks and returns the average and the highest mark as an associative array.