Learn JavaScript from Scratch

Operators and Conditionals

Lesson 3 of 9 2 min read Updated 28 September 2026

Operators

let a = 10, b = 3;
console.log(a + b, a - b, a * b);  // 13 7 30
console.log(a / b);                // 3.333...
console.log(a % b);                // 1 (remainder)
console.log(a ** 2);               // 100 (power)
a += 5;                            // a = a + 5

Comparison and logical operators

console.log(5 === 5, 5 !== 6);     // true true
console.log(5 > 3, 5 <= 4);        // true false
console.log(true && false);        // false (AND)
console.log(true || false);        // true  (OR)
console.log(!true);                // false (NOT)

if, else if, else

<script>
const marks = 72;
let grade;
if (marks >= 90) {
  grade = "A+";
} else if (marks >= 75) {
  grade = "A";
} else if (marks >= 60) {
  grade = "B";
} else {
  grade = "Needs improvement";
}
document.write("Marks: " + marks + ", Grade: " + grade);
</script>

switch

const day = "Sat";
switch (day) {
  case "Sat":
  case "Sun":
    console.log("Weekend");
    break;
  default:
    console.log("Weekday");
}

Ternary operator

const status = marks >= 40 ? "Pass" : "Fail";

Truthy and falsy

false, 0, "", null, undefined and NaN are falsy. Everything else is truthy.

const name = "";
console.log(name || "Guest");   // "Guest"

Practice

Write a program that takes a number and prints whether it is positive, negative or zero, and whether it is even or odd.